In Situ Carcinoma

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Pre-Cancerous Lesion

Epidemiology: DCIS is found in about 20% of breast biopsies.

Pathophysiology: Abnormal cells grow within the milk ducts but have not invaded surrounding tissue.

Risk Factors: Age, family history, and certain genetic mutations.

Signs and Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, found during routine mammography.

Diagnosis: Mammogram, biopsy, and sometimes MRI.

Treatment: Surgery to remove the affected ducts, with additional therapies if needed.

Follow-Up: Regular screening to detect any new changes early.

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS): Pre-Cancerous Lesion

Epidemiology: LCIS is less common than DCIS but also a significant concern.

Pathophysiology: Abnormal cells grow within the lobules.

Risk Factors: Similar to DCIS, with a potential for increased risk with certain genetic mutations.

Signs and Symptoms: Often found incidentally during routine screening.

Diagnosis: Mammogram, biopsy, and possibly MRI.

Treatment: May involve surgery, with additional treatments based on risk assessment.

Follow-Up: Close monitoring for any signs of progression to invasive cancer.